YOGYAKARTA
Yogyakarta (English: /ˌjɒɡjəˈkɑrtə/ or /ˌjoʊɡjəˈkɑrtə/,[1] Malay: [jɔɡjaˈkarta]; also Jogja, Jogjakarta) is a
city in the Yogyakarta Special
Region on Java in Indonesia. It is renowned as a centre of
classical Javanese fine art and culture such as batik,
ballet, drama, music, poetry, and puppet shows. Yogyakarta was the Indonesian
capital during the Indonesian
National Revolution from 1945 to 1949. One of the districts in
Yogyakarta, Kotagede, was the capital of Mataram Sultanate between 1575-1640.
History
Mataram Kingdom (10 BC)
Although missing from the historical record since the
migration of the capital of Medang kingdom in the 10th century to the
eastern Java, the valley area in the south of Mount Merapi since the 15th
century still inhabited by many people and perhaps become part of the region
called "Pengging".
Mataram Sultanate (1575 - 1620)
Kotagede was the capital of Mataram Sultanate now part of districts in
Yogyakarta. The palace of the founder of Mataram Sultanate, Panembahan Senopati
established in scene of part of Alas Mentaok. After a two times move it
Capital, (Palace of Pleret and Place of Kerta, both located in Bantul Regency), The capital of Mataram
Sultanate moved to Kartasura.
Aftermath of The Gianti war treaty (1745 - 1945)
The City of Jogjakarta and the Yogyakarta Sultanate
was established as a result of a "Gianti war treaty" (Perjanjian
Gianti) by HRH Prince Mangkubumi, who later become HRH Sultan Hamengkubuwono
I. Officially, the creation of Yogyakarta Sultanate is dated to 7
October 1756 as a result of civil war among the bloodline of The Mataram Sultanate.
The civil war was fought against Hamengkubuwono's and his elder brother, HRH
Sunan Pakubuwono II. This civil war marked the end of
the Mataram Sultanate and resulted in the birth of the Yogyakarta Sultanate
and the Surakarta Sunanate.
The historical building of Bank of Indonesia in European architecture
The root of the civil war started when Sunan Pakubuwono II agreed to cooperate with the Dutch
colonial government and submit to foreign (western) powers. His younger
brother, HRH Prince Mangkumbumi
(HRH Sultan Hamengkubuwono) stood against the concept, due to concern that his
people would become slaves under Dutch rule. The Javanese slaves were used to
work for businesses owned by V.O.C. and the Dutch Colonial
Government and exported to present day Suriname in South America. In the Netherlands
itself, some of the Dutch people stood against the policy of their home
government.
Prince Mangkubumi fought until the defeat of the Pakubuwono
forces and declared sovereignty in the Kingdom of Jogjakarta south of the
original Kingdom of Mataram. Because of this historical act of bravery and
sacrifice, Jogjakarta is given Special Administrative Region (SAR) status,
making the Province of Jogjakarta the only province headed by a monarchy.
Orientation
The area of the city of Yogyakarta is 32.5 km². While
the city spreads in all directions from the kraton (the
Sultan's palace), the core of the modern city is to the north, centring around Dutch colonial-era buildings and the commercial
district. Jalan Malioboro,
with rows of pavement vendors and nearby market and malls, is the primary
shopping street for tourists in the city, while Jalan Solo, further north, is a
shopping district more frequented by locals. At the southern end of Malioboro,
on the east side is the large local market of Beringharjo, not far from Fort Vredeburg a restored Dutch fort.
At Yogyakarta's centre is the kraton, or Sultan's
palace. Surrounding the kraton is a densely populated residential neighbourhood
that occupies land that was formerly the Sultan's sole domain. Evidence of this
former use remains in the form of old walls and the ruined Taman Sari,
built in 1758 as a pleasure garden. No longer used by the sultan, the garden
had been largely abandoned. For a time, it was used for housing by palace
employees and descendants. Reconstruction efforts began in 2004, and an effort
to renew the neighbourhood around the kraton has begun. The site is a
developing tourist attraction.
Nearby to the city of Yogyakarta is Mount Merapi. The northern outskirts of the city
run up to the southern slopes of the mountain in Sleman Regency (Indonesian language–Kabupaten). Gunung Merapi (literally
Mountain of Fire in Indonesian/Javanese), is an active Stratavolcano located on the border between
Central Java and Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It is the most active volcano in
Indonesia and has erupted regularly since 1548. The volcano last erupted in
November 2010.
Arts and culture
Yogyakarta has strong communities in:
- Silver work,
- Traditional leather puppetry used for shadow plays (wayang kulit),
- Contemporary puppetry and theatre, for example Papermoon Puppet Theatre[2]
- Making batik dyed fabric. It is also known for its vivid contemporary art scene.
- Gamelan music, including the unique style Gamelan Yogyakarta, which developed in the courts.
- Yogyakarta is also a haven for underground art.
- Independent filmmaking communities,
- Independent musicians,
- Performance artists,
- Visual artists including Taring Padi community in Bantul, that produces art prints using a technique called cukil.
Daren kidul Dono Kerto Turi
Demography and language
Most population is Javanese, but being a student city, there are
also significant population of people from other ethnicities in Indonesia. This
status makes Yogyakarta as one of the most heterogeneous cities in terms of
ethnicity in Indonesia. Indonesian as
the official national language, and Javanese are widely used as daily spoken
languages, especially by the Javanese.
response :
yogyakarta represent place which
is very amazing. many beautiful object , good society, and alsostill awake
custom be the fascination to tourist.
yogyakarta become one of the target to many backpacker in passing the time on
their vacation. this special town also
famous by their very long history. tourist which have come surely will interest
to return again one day. because the charming of yogyakarta will never lose.
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